Pressão (bar): 2
Impulsos: 2000
Frequência: 10 Hz
Aplicador: 15 mm
Energia total: 103 mJ/mm2
Número de sessões: 3 (1 por semana)
O tendão rotuliano liga o polo inferior da patela à tíbia. A tendinopatia rotuliana (PT), habitualmente designada como "joelho de saltador", é uma lesão crónica causada pelo esforço excessivo do tendão rotuliano.
O seu principal sintoma clínico é a dor no polo inferior da patela. Esta patologia é diagnosticada com base nos seus sintomas clínicos. O diagnóstico por imagem deve ser utilizado para excluir outras causas de dor no joelho ou para confirmar o diagnóstico de PT, em caso de dúvida.
Tal como noutras tendinopatias, a etiologia da PT ainda não é totalmente conhecida, mas considera-se que a sobrecarga repetitiva é um fator determinante. Contudo, o exame histológico de amostras (biopsia) colhidas de pacientes durante intervenções cirúrgicas para tratar sintomas crónicos revelou que a PT crónica está associada a alterações degenerativas no tendão. Consequentemente, a patologia é melhor caracterizada como «tendinopatia» do que como «tendinite», assemelhando-se à situação causada por outros problemas de esforço excessivo do tendão, como a tendinopatia do tendão de Aquiles.
Os desportistas apresentam uma prevalência muito elevada de PT: até 40% entre jogadores de elite de basquetebol e voleibol. A doença pode ser incapacitante ao ponto de impedir os atletas de regressarem à prática desportiva durante longos períodos, que variam entre 6 meses e mais de dois anos.
O tratamento da PT deve iniciar-se com medidas de tratamento conservadoras, tais como o repouso, a fisioterapia, o fortalecimento excêntrico, as ortóteses e os fármacos anti-inflamatórios não esteroides. Os pacientes que não respondam ao tratamento conservador num prazo de seis meses podem ser submetidos à terapia de ondas de choque radiais (RSWT®). A cirurgia deve ser considerada apenas nos casos mais persistentes de PT. Foram descritos diversos procedimentos artroscópicos e abertos, mas não existe ainda um consenso sobre qual será a melhor opção.
ESTUDOS
Crupnik J Eccentric loading plus radial shock wave therapy in the treatment of chronic patellar tendinopathy. Abstracts 12th International Congress of the International Society for Musculoskeletal Shock wave Therapy, Sorrento, Italy, 2009, 26-27
Lohrer H, SchÖll J, Arentz S Achillodynie und Patellaspitzensyndrom – Ergebnisse der Behandlung austherapierter, chronischer Fälle mit radialen Stosswellen. Sportverl Sportschad 2002; 16: 108-114
Profundidade de penetração: 5-15 mm
Densidade de fluxo de energia total por emissão de onda de choque: 0,089-0,271 mJ/mm²
N.º de sessões: 3-5 (num intervalo de 5-12 dias)
Frequência: 2-6 Hz
Impulsos: 1000-3000
A tendinite rotuliana (joelho de saltador) é uma afeção causada pelo sobretreino do tendão rotuliano devido à tensão repetitiva, invulgar e/ou aguda na zona onde o tendão se liga ao osso. Os saltos e, especialmente, as receções após o salto exercem uma tensão máxima sobre o tendão rotuliano. Por conseguinte, os atletas que praticam desportos que exigem muitos saltos, como o voleibol, o basquetebol, o salto em altura ou o salto em comprimento, mas também os corredores e os jogadores de futebol, são particularmente propensos à tendinite rotuliana.
Os pacientes com tendinite rotuliana / joelho de saltador reportam uma sensação de dor em redor da patela durante a atividade física. Em fases avançadas desta patologia, a dor torna-se crónica, mesmo em repouso. O tratamento da tendinite rotuliana com ondas de choque focais tornou-se uma terapia ESWT estabelecida.
ESTUDOS
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